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Figure Index

14 figures from the dissertation. Click to view in section or expand image when available.

🔷Figure 0.1§ Extended Summary

Graphical summary of the dissertation: forecasting (ENSM), optimization (MAPPO), and bidirectional integration.

📈Figure 1.1§ 1.1 Background

Turkey electricity demand trend 2000–2023 with projected growth to 2053

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🔷Figure 2.1§ 2.2 RL in Energy

RL applications in energy systems: taxonomy of approaches (2015–2024)

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🗺️Figure 3.1§ 3.2 TIMES Model

Turkey electricity system model: 7 regions and 15 technology types

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🔷Figure 3.2§ 3.3 ENSM Model

ENSM architecture: physics-informed GRU with S-curve constraints

🔷Figure 3.3§ 3.4 RL Environment

RL environment state transitions and reward structure

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📈Figure 4.1§ 4.2 Forecasts

ENSM capacity forecast with 95% confidence intervals (2024–2050)

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📊Figure 4.2§ 4.1 Validation

Comprehensive benchmark comparison: ENSM vs 17 models

📈Figure 4.3§ 4.1 Validation

Cross-validation results and residual analysis

📈Figure 5.1§ 5.1 Training

RL training curves: episode reward convergence for MAPPO

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📊Figure 5.2§ 5.2 Comparison

Algorithm comparison: 13 RL algorithms, MAPPO optimal

📉Figure 5.3§ 5.3 Pathways

PPO-optimal investment pathway: installed capacity by technology (2024–2050)

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📊Figure 5.4§ 5.3 Pathways

SHAP summary: top-20 feature importance for policy decisions

📊Figure 5.5§ 5.4 Sensitivity

Sensitivity tornado diagram: top parameters by impact on total system cost

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