Energy Glossary

Definitions of key energy transition terms used throughout this platform.

C

CAPEX: Capital Expenditure — upfront investment cost for energy assets, expressed per kW or kWh of installed capacity.
CBAM: Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism — EU policy tool that applies a carbon price to imports from countries without equivalent carbon pricing.
Curtailment: Reduction of renewable energy output below potential generation capacity, typically due to grid constraints or low demand.
CTDE: Centralized Training, Decentralized Execution — multi-agent RL paradigm.
Capacity factor: The ratio of actual output to maximum possible output over a period.

EU ETS: EU Emissions Trading System — cap-and-trade carbon pricing mechanism covering ~40% of EU greenhouse gas emissions.
ENSM: Enhanced Neural S-Curve Model — a forecasting model for technology diffusion.
Energy transition: Shift from fossil fuels to renewable and low-carbon energy systems.

Feed-in Tariff (FiT): A policy mechanism guaranteeing renewable energy producers a fixed price per kWh of electricity generated.

Grid Parity: The point at which the cost of generating electricity from renewable sources equals the cost from conventional sources without subsidies.

LCOE: Levelised Cost of Energy — the average net present cost of electricity generation over a project's lifetime, expressed in $/MWh or €/MWh.

MAPPO: Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization — a reinforcement learning algorithm for multi-agent coordination.
MPIW: Mean Prediction Interval Width — average width of prediction intervals.

NDC: Nationally Determined Contribution — a country's self-defined climate action plan submitted under the Paris Agreement.
Net-Zero: A state in which greenhouse gas emissions are balanced by an equivalent amount of carbon removal.

PICP: Prediction Interval Coverage Probability — measures uncertainty calibration.

Reinforcement learning: A machine learning paradigm where agents learn optimal actions through trial and error.
RL: Reinforcement Learning — agents learn by maximizing cumulative reward.

TEIAS: Türkiye Elektrik İletim A.Ş. — Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation.

YEKA: Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynak Alanları — Turkey's Renewable Energy Resource Zone tender scheme.