Biomass energy has emerged as a critical policy instrument for sustainable development, bridging the gap between emissions reduction targets and economic growth objectives. Empirical studies across European and developing countries reveal that biomass consumption can be insignificantly linked to CO2 emissions in certain contexts, while technological innovation plays a decisive role in reducing environmental impact.
Policy implications — Governments are increasingly integrating biomass into national energy strategies. The G7 experience shows that biomass energy and economic growth can coexist when supported by appropriate regulatory frameworks. In Sub-Saharan Africa, biomass remains a dominant energy source, and policy design must balance traditional use with modern bioenergy applications.
Research findings — Panel data analysis demonstrates that biomass energy consumption contributes to CO2 emissions in both developed and developing country samples, though the magnitude varies. Technological progress and innovation are key moderating factors. The literature on the Environmental Kuznets Curve provides a useful framework for understanding these dynamics.